Europe III: What Sovereignty Costs
What does Europe pay each year for its own access to space?
Chapter summary
~€0.4–0.6B a year on Setcoin's estimate: operating support plus the price gap on institutional launches.
Key takeaways
- 1
About 5–8% of ESA's annual budget.
- 2
About €10,000–15,000 per kg of institutional payload.
- 3
The premium caps only if Europe moves to reuse.
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Europe II: The Launcher Challenge
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