ESG and Sustainability Framework
What are the environmental, social and governance issues for a commercial station?
Chapter summary
Launches dominate a station’s environmental footprint; debris, re-entry and governance standards follow.
Key takeaways
- 1
Building and supplying a station takes dozens of launches over its life.
- 2
Controlled disposal of a large station costs hundreds of millions: the ISS deorbit vehicle alone is worth up to $843 million.
- 3
Commercial missions have widened access, flying astronauts from countries including Hungary, India, Poland and Turkey.
Key figures in this chapter
- ~98%
- ISS water recovery, reached in 2023
- $843M
- potential value of the ISS deorbit vehicle
- 8–15%
- launch insurance as a share of insured value
- 55+
- Artemis Accords signatories
Source: Commercial Space Stations Feasibility Study, Setcoin Research (October 2026)
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Regulatory and Legal Framework
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