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Chapter 3 of 11Quantum1 min read · 1 exhibits

Quantum Internet and Communication Networks

What does a quantum network require?

Chapter summary

Quantum key distribution is the first commercial network application; entanglement networks need repeaters and memory that are still in development. The section closes with a bill of quantities for network infrastructure.

Key takeaways

  1. 1

    QKD infrastructure, market and vendors.

  2. 2

    Quantum repeaters and memory for entanglement networks.

  3. 3

    Integration with 5G and 6G networks.

At a glance

Exhibit 3.1

Quantum networking starts with key distribution and builds towards an integrated internet

From QKD to quantum internet

  1. Now

    QKD

    Secure key distribution links

  2. Next

    Repeaters & memory

    Extending entanglement distance

  3. Later

    Integrated networks

    Integration with 5G/6G

Source: Quantum Technologies: Global Market Analysis, Setcoin Research (December 2025)

The chapter · 179 words · 1 exhibits

3.1 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Infrastructure

3.1.1 Technology Assessment

  • Fiber-based QKD systems
  • Free-space and satellite QKD
  • Performance metrics and range limitations
  • Integration with classical networks
  • Commercial readiness assessment

3.1.2 Market Analysis

  • Current deployments and pilot projects
  • Target sectors (banking, government, defense)
  • Market size projections (2025-2035)
  • Competitive landscape
  • Regulatory drivers

3.1.3 Vendor Ecosystem

  • Leading QKD equipment manufacturers (ID Quantique, Toshiba, etc.)
  • Component suppliers (single-photon detectors, lasers)
  • Network integration partners
  • Service providers and operators

3.2 Quantum Entanglement Networks

3.2.1 Quantum Repeater Technology

  • Current state of development
  • Distance extension capabilities
  • Technical challenges and solutions
  • Timeline to commercialization
  • Investment requirements

3.2.2 Quantum Memory Systems

  • Technology platforms
  • Performance requirements
  • Manufacturing readiness
  • Cost projections

3.3 Network Architecture and Integration

  • Quantum backbone infrastructure design
  • Metro vs. long-haul network economics
  • Integration with 5G/6G networks
  • Hybrid classical-quantum networks
  • Interoperability standards

3.4 Bill of Quantity - Quantum Internet Infrastructure

Network Components BoQ

  • QKD transmitters and receivers
  • Quantum repeater stations
  • Fiber optic infrastructure (specialized)
  • Network management systems
  • Security and authentication systems

Deployment Cost Analysis

  • Per-kilometer deployment costs
  • Node installation expenses
  • Integration and testing
  • Maintenance and operational costs
  • Geographic cost variations

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