Europe II: National Programmes
Which European countries are building military space capability, and how much are they committing?
Chapter summary
Germany ~€35B to 2030; France +€4.2B on ~€6B; UK £7.8B; Poland, Italy and the Nordics building reconnaissance constellations.
Key takeaways
- 1
European commitments to 2030 total roughly €70–80B, about a fifth of the US rate.
- 2
Germany is buying scale (up to 1,200 satellites); France is buying the ability to act in orbit.
- 3
Newer suppliers such as ICEYE now sit beside the established primes.
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